On ocean floor, a shrimp that vomits light

A shrimp that spews glowing chemicals is one of the many discoveries made by a team of scientists investigating bioluminescence at the bottom of the Caribbean Sea.

By Trevor Stokes,?LiveScience Contributor / September 6, 2012

This caridean shrimp (Parapandalus sp.) spews light as a defense mechanism.

Image courtesy of Bioluminescence Team 2009, NOAA-OER.

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From glowing coral to shrimp that vomit light-making chemicals, seafloor creatures can create quite the flashy visual show, according to researchers who traveled into the inky depths of the Caribbean Sea to investigate the oddballs.

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Even so, the researchers reported today (Sept. 6)?seafloor creatures?are less flashy than their open-ocean cousins. In the open sea, an estimated 90 percent of organisms have the capacity to glow, compared with a paltry 10-20 percent of seafloor dwellers.

"We were surprised by how little bioluminescence is down there," Tamara Frank, a marine ecologist at Nova Southeastern University and study coauthor, told LiveScience.

The researchers did, however, find an abundance of?bioluminescence?from plankton, creatures that cannot swim against a current and instead glow bluish after bumping into other organisms and structures.

The glowers at the ocean bottom included the world's first identified glow-in-the-dark anemone along with a shrimp species that vomits light as a defense mechanism, glowing coral, starfish and sea cucumbers. [See Photos of the Glowing Deep-Sea Creatures]

In the Caribbean, glowing organisms don't just make for a visual spectacle, but also have finely honed visual systems that may allow bottom dwellers to distinguish what's a meal and what's poison, a sort of color-coding vision.

Shedding light on ocean lights

Bioluminescence, light given off through a chemical reaction in living creatures, has long piqued the curiosity of researchers since Greek philosopher Aniximenes found that light emanated from water when struck by an oar nearly 2,500 years ago.

Since then, oceanographers have identified many?bioluminescent organisms, including the sorts of plankton that Aniximenes would have seen, but little remains known about the phenomenon at the ocean bottom.

Researchers ventured in the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible to nearly half a mile below the ocean surface in what could be the world?s first manned hunt for bioluminescent creatures in the benthic zone, the ecological niche of the seabed.

"If you sit there with the lights out, you'll see this little light show as plankton run into different habitats," study researcher S?nke Johnsen, a sensory biologist at Duke University, told LiveScience. "There is no substitute for actually being in that habitat to understand what it's like to be those animals, plus it's a great deal of fun."

The team of oceanographers surveyed the bottom of?the Caribbean Sea?at two different sites at a depth unreachable by natural light and to their surprise found that while few organisms could light up, what light there was came from jostled plankton.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/WGKFGxQTmlM/On-ocean-floor-a-shrimp-that-vomits-light

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